6^th International conference on Marine Science, Coastal Dynamics and Management September 21-22, 2018 London ,UK

Marine pollution occurs when harmful or potentially harmful chemicals entered into ocean, agriculture wastage, industrial wastage, residential wastage, noise, dust, etc. Many toxic chemicals are adheres to the small particles and which are taken up by the plankton, nekton and benthos animal, in this way it will affect to the ocean food chain. Major marine pollution is coming from land based activities; it is about 80%.Oil spills causes the high damage to marine pollution. But in fact only 12% of oil is entering into the seas per year. Fertilizers runoff from the lands is affecting the marine pollution. The extra nutrients cause eutrophication. Solid garbage also makes the pollution to marine – like plastic bags, balloons, glass bottles, etc. Every marine organism from plankton to whale is contaminated by the man-made chemicals like pesticides and chemicals.

Marine natural product deals with the marine biotechnology and marine bio discovery using the biological diversity of marine macro and microorganism for identifying the novel molecules. This will contains the cultivation, extraction stages and after some process is completed then followed by purification, 3D structure clearance and biological/ecological activity for identification mechanism is the marine secondary metabolites. Marine natural products are more structural elements in the world and their chemical behavior is more critical while we exploring their original behavior like biomedical, biotechnological and exploring the functional roles of natural products.

It is an interfacing discipline for combining the biology and chemistry to study the biological systems using chemical, bio chemical, tools and genetic techniques. Presently most of the researches belong to this track. Marine chemical biology is mainly concentrating on the discovery and application of marine natural products.

Marine geology or geological oceanography deals with the structure and history of sea floor. It deals with the geophysical, geochemical, Sediment logical and the investigation of paleontological of the ocean floor. It has strong ties to physical oceanography. Marine studies are giving strong evidence of ocean floor spreading and tectonic plates. The deep sea floor is the last unexplored thing for the both military and economic objectives do the research in the petroleum field.

Ocean biogeochemistry deals with the biogeochemical processes and also the boundaries of ocean layer. Its aim is to publish the main sights in all aspects of ocean biogeochemistry in both the self-ocean and open ocean. It deals with the oceans role in biogeochemical cycling of some selected elements and how these cycling’s are affected by the human activities.

Marine engineering is a branch for applying the engineering sciences and it can include the engineering braches of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science engineering and also the mechanical engineering to design, development, operation and maintenance. It deals with the power plants, pipes, machinery, control systems and also the marine vehicles like ships, submarines, etc.

Colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) optically measures the amount of organic matter dissolved in water. It is also called as chromophoric dissolved organic matter. CDOM absorbs the short wavelength of light that is ranging from blue to ultraviolet whereas the longer wavelength red light can be absorbed by the pure water. Therefore water containing the little amount of CDOM then the water appears like blue. Whereas the color of water is changes when the amount of CDOM dissolved in water increases, it will range through green, yellow and brown.  

Molecular biology deals with the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the different systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, and proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions. Toxic chemicals which are deposited in the ocean are harmful for human health and also harmful for the marine environment. For many chemicals, oceans are the ultimate sinks and also these are the source for many naturally occurring toxins. 

Marine microbiology deals with the small organisms which are reside in sea water- Bacteria, Viruses, Achaea and microbial eukaryotes. It focuses mainly on interaction within communities of microorganisms. Most of the microorganisms can see only by a microscope. Marine mammals are distributed across the world’s ocean and the action plan will be required for conservation and recovery. Many sea animals like sea lions, porpoise, whales, seals, dolphins, etc. are having threats from human activity. High level of chemical substances dissolved in water causes the mammal’s immune and affects the mammal’s reproductive system.

Coastal ecology includes the aspects of both physical and biological. Physical coastal oceanography research at BML and focusing on the ocean upwelling, lands runoff and the connection between coastal area and ocean.  Coastal oceanography group focuses on the regional based research along the north coastal area of California, advantage of taking the unique upwelling zone and also in comparable regions globally. Coastal oceanography group is highly productive at regional and national / international.

Brackish water contains the salinity more than fresh water but not that much as sea water. So this is the result of mixing sea water with fresh water. In some cases brackish water can be produced by human activity, in some civil engineering projects dikes and flooding of coastal marshland to produce the brackish water pools for fresh water prawn farming.

Fisheries biology deals with the managing and understanding fisheries. It also describes the necessary knowledge on the biology, ecology and population dynamics of exploited (or potentially exploited) species to enable and ensure a sustainable fisheries and management of the resource.

Over utilization of fisheries from the sea it affects serious problem to the sea world. Even for many no of fisheries managed by many coastal countries some of factors have contributed to these system failures. Thus the many protected areas can serve as a hedge against the management limitations, thus the enhancement of fisheries resources over a long period can be high.

Arsenic (As) is the naturally establishing chemical element. It exists in the many forms of organic and inorganic or in the form of species. Compared to organic and inorganic arsenic, inorganic arsenic form is more toxic than organic form. marine algae contains the high level of arsenic but they are considered to having the very low levels of arsenic, with some exception of brown algae, which can contains the high level of arsenic.

Due to anthropogenic activities, the percentage of co2 is increasing in the atmosphere. Such as fossil fuel use it causes decreasing the pH of ocean water, this process is called as ocean acidification. With the increase of co2emission, the acidification of ocean is likely to be increases. It is harmful for marine ecosystems and on sustainable marine resource management. Therefore carbon dioxide level increases in atmosphere then the level of carbon dioxide in the ocean also increases too.

Nutrients are mandatory chemical elements that organisms need to survive and reproduce Macronutrients, needed in large quantities, include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, Sulphur, magnesium, and calcium, whereas micronutrients like iron, copper and zinc are needed in lesser quantities.  In aquatic systems, nitrogen and phosphorus are the two major nutrients that most commonly limit maximum biomass of algae and aquatic plants.

The marine chemistry mainly describes about the chemical composition and chemical processes of the World’s Ocean. Marine chemistry is one of the main fields in water chemistry. Marine chemistry is a part of hydrosphere it also describes about the geochemistry, biochemistry, environmental chemistry and atmospheric chemistry. It deals with the interaction and conditions between the organic and inorganic compounds, the biological, physical and geological conditions in the sea. Sea science and also called as marine science is affected by pH levels, marine transportation, environmental hazards, silt and biology.